“Should I Perform This Music?”

Abstract: This essay addresses cultural appropriation in music not as a problem to be solved through fixed rules or binary judgments, but as an ongoing ethical practice grounded in intent, relationship, and accountability. Centered on a decision-making chart designed for use rather than theoretical mastery, the article situates musical engagement within dynamic communities shaped by difference, power, and mutual indebtedness. Drawing on critical scholarship, classroom experience, and responses from multiple scholars and artists, the essay reframes appropriation away from simple distinctions between appreciation and theft, emphasizing instead how musical meaning emerges through lived interaction, affective experience, and social consequence.

Through dialogic reflection and critique, the essay foregrounds the limits of critique alone and argues for generative, process-oriented approaches to ethical music-making. Contributors highlight how questions of freedom, empathy, identity, labor, and privilege intersect in musical encounters, particularly for students and musicians navigating activist fatigue, creative desire, and fear of harm. Rather than offering definitive answers, the essay insists on ambiguity, refusal, and responsibility as necessary components of ethical musical practice. Ultimately, it proposes that cultivating relationships, acknowledging indebtedness, and remaining open to discomfort are central to making music that aspires toward justice, mutuality, and shared futures.

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Racialized Ornament in the Exotic Musical Imagination: Reflections on Framing and Decoloniality

Abstract: This essay uses the idea of ornament to work towards re-imagining long standing biases in music teaching and scholarship. Focusing on issues of race and gender, Bhogal explores how Western philosophy has tended to marginalize ornamentation or decoration through negative descriptions that invoke an objectified exotic other. Drawing on both sonic and visual examples from Western classical music and Indian classical music, this essay challenges decorative gestures traditionally viewed as superficial and meaningless. The range of examples includes rare sound recordings by Ustad Imdad Khan, Coimbatore Thayi, and M. S. Subbulakshmi, as well as compositions by George Frideric Handel, Maurice Delage, and Maurice Ravel. Ornament serves as a catalyst for de-colonizing approaches where inter-cultural and inter-epistemological dynamics are privileged as models for teaching and research.

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Listening to Music History

Abstract: This essay argues that recordings have changed the ways that musicians construct music and the ways that listeners perceive it. Because of the ubiquity of recorded music, the assumptions that we make about “music history” are often at odds with the ways that we experience music’s history through recordings. Using the perspectives inspired by recordings and their distribution, this essay provides alternative methods for thinking about, organizing, or “listening to” music history.

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